Clinical parameters included age, gender, recurrence, tumor size, tumor multiplicity, infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) level, Child–Pugh score, pre-operative therapy, post-operative therapy, TNM stage, and overall survival. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is infection.