When treated with most selected candidates, Ttn shRNA transduced mice developed a similar or even more severe DCM compared to those treated with control cDNA (0.2E + 13 vg/kg, expressing EGFP under cardiac troponin T promoter, designated as EGFP control), indicating that re-introducing these pathway-associated candidates could not suppress Ttn shRNA-induced DCM (Supplementary Table S2). This evidence concerns the gene TTN and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.