DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Interestingly, although heterozygous female carriers of DMD mutations are typically asymptomatic, up to ∼8% of these carriers are considered as manifesting carriers, who develop symptoms ranging from mild muscle weakness to a rapidly progressive DMD-like muscular dystrophy (Birnkrant et al., 2018; Moser and Emery, 1974; Norman and Harper, 1989; Taylor et al., 2007).