BDNF and Arthritis: Interestingly, since arthrogenic muscle inhibition is one of the key factors leading to impairments and functional limitations in patients with arthritis and following knee surgery [43], a recent study by Simao et al. proposed the contribution of neuromuscular adaptations and modulation in neuromuscular plasticity to improved muscle performance by WBV training, providing evidence of increased plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the neurotrophins and myokines that respond to exercise [44], in elderly women with knee OA after 12 weeks of WBV training [45].