VWF and ischemic stroke: These include hemorrhagic transformation of the ischemic stroke (S-100β, vWF, and MMP-9), development of malignant stroke (S100β), increasing infarct volume (S-100β, NSE, MMP-9, IL-6, TNFα, and Glu), early neurological deterioration and progressive (unstable) stroke or death (IL-6, S100β, TNFα, MMP-9; NSE, Glu, and GABA) [3, 217, 221].