VWF and epilepsy: It relies on differentiation between stroke patients and the negative control individuals (biomarkers: S100β, IL-6, MMP-9, TNFα, and vWF), exclusion of stroke mimics, such as migraine, epilepsy, structural brain lesions (S100β, MMP-9), and differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (GFAP, S100β) [3, 216, 217].