ANGPT2 and vascular malformation: Genetic studies of hemangiomas have not elucidated a common genetic cause, as opposed to other vascular lesions, such as vascular malformations and angiosarcomas, in which genetic mutations have been found.8–13 Cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), have been found in hemangiomas of infancy.14–16 The role of these factors in hemangiomas are not fully understood, especially given that ANG2 can serve as a growth factor or mediate endothelial apoptosis depending on the context.