Propranolol causes a coordinated downregulation of VEGF and ANGPTL4 but not Ang2.16 The coordinated downregulation of VEGF and ANGPTL4 allows Ang2 to mediate vascular regression (Fig. 9), as Ang2 causes endothelial apoptosis in the absence of VEGF37 and perhaps ANGPTL4.38–40 Given that these angiogenic cytokines are present in other tumors as well,41,42 this may explain the cancer-protective effect of propranolol. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.