The mean expression level of genes involved in HSC activation such as transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (Tgfbr1) and several types of collagen was significantly greater in NASH, and decreased to near CTL level in NASH + ISO, indicating the activation of HSCs was decreased after isorhamnetin treatment (Fig. 5b and Supplementary Dataset). The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.