VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Our results indicate that the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with des-fluoro-anacetrapib in terms of inhibiting endothelial cell inflammation decreasing expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, reducing endothelial dysfunction and inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation in grafted veins are directly attributable to the increase in HDL-C levels in the des-fluoro-anacetrapib-treated animals and cannot be explained by an interaction of the inhibitor with smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells.