IFNG and inflammatory bowel disease: As Th1/Th2/Th17-derived cytokines have been shown to inhibit the stem cell renewal of IESCs and their direct differentiation into Paneth cells (Th1/IFNγ-induced) or Tuft cells (Th2/IL-13-induced)100, it is conceivable that these cytokines further impair epithelial repair during IBD.