CSF samples from children or adult TBE patients have exhibited higher levels of CXCL1 [25], IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 [51], CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13 [21], CCL2 [50], CCL3 [49], and other pro-inflammatory soluble factors. Here, CCL2 is linked to tick-borne encephalitis.