CD8A and neoplasm: Our data showed that the number of CD8+ T cells was significantly increased in mice exposed to combination therapy than in those given TRT or immunotherapy alone, whereas no increase was observed in the inhibitory immune cells Tregs, indicating that combined TRT and anti-PD-L1 mAb enhances host anti-tumor immunity and improves anti-tumor efficacy by stimulating CD8+ T cell infiltration, which alters the tumor microenvironment and results in a synergistic anti-tumor immunity.