In one example, cationic silica nanoparticles (CSiNPs), which can induce necrotic tumor cell death, were used to further deliver c-di-GMP and elicit strong antitumor immune responses upon intratumoral vaccination 85.In a melanoma mouse model, it was shown that the STING agonists cooperate with the release of tumor-associated antigens and local inflammation in tumor microenvironment induced by the CSiNPs to enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.