At 4 weeks after AB surgery, the hearts of Maf1 KO mice were significantly larger than those of WT mice, exhibiting enhanced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary edema, as determined by increased heart size (about 30%) (Figure 2B), heart/body weight ratio (about 22%) (Figure 2C), heart weight/tibia length ratio (about 26%) (Figure S2A), lung weight/body weight (about 28%) (Figure 2D), lung weight/tibia length ratio (about 32%) (Figure S2B), cardiomyocyte surface area (about 33%) (Figure 2E-F), and expression of ANP (about 66%), a fetal gene (Figure 2G). Here, NPPA is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.