High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), also known as an alarmin protein, has been implicated as a critical factor involved in ischemia–reperfusion injury, mood disorder, cognitive impairment, and inflammation-related diseases in the CNS (Goldstein et al., 2006; Takata et al., 2012). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.