TARDBP and viral infectious disease: In addition, numerous ALS-associated proteins have been shown to either directly interact with viral nucleic acids or to regulate the cellular response to viral infection, including FUS, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2, SETX, TBK1, and TDP-43 (Ou et al., 1995; Sharma et al., 2003; Beriault et al., 2004; Miller et al., 2015; Dunker et al., 2018).