SMAD2 and neoplasm: Conversely, patients with tumors strongly expressing TGF-β or P-Smad2 are more likely to be classified as advanced tumor stage (TGF-β: OR = 2.09; 95% CI = 0.6485 to 6.742) (P-Smad2: OR = 18.67; 95% CI 3.532 to 98.66).