FOXO3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, FOXO3a siRNA transfection led to remarkably decreased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased p62 expression, and visually reduced red and yellow punctate fluorescent patterns, as well as decreased number of autophagosomes with typical double-layer membranes, in all four HCC cell types after treatment with doxorubicin for 48 h (Fig. 6b–d).