This analysis indicated that MMP-10, STAMBP, LDL receptor, and EIF4EBP1 likely represent disease-specific biomarkers of AD, whereas CHIT1, ALCAM, CD200, OPG, ROBO2, and RGMB may serve as broader neurodegeneration biomarkers, potentially influenced by coexisting pathologies beyond Aβ- and tau (Additional file 1: Tables S33-S38). Here, ALCAM is linked to Alzheimer disease.