The most frequent form of glioma in the pediatric age is the pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), a low-grade neoplasm that occurs frequently in children and young adults, whose tumorigenesis has been associated with BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) mutations and fusion, but also with miRNA action. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and pilocytic astrocytoma.