HMGB1 and posterior cortical atrophy: This analysis also included HMGB1, HMGB2, and well-known PCa biomarkers: PSA (encoded by KLK3); PMEPA1, which is involved in downregulation of the androgen receptor, thus promoting androgen receptor-negative prostate cell proliferation [96]; and RAGE, one of the membrane receptors in the extracellular signaling function of HMGB1 [97].