HMGB1 and posterior cortical atrophy: Interestingly, upregulation of HMGB1 mRNA and protein have been detected in PCa tumors [12,18] and PCa cell lines (including PC-3 and DU145 or LNCaP) compared to the non-transformed immortalized prostate cell line RWPE-1 (prostate epithelial transformed by HPV)) [18].