Furthermore CREBBP, EP300, ERBB3, IGF1R, JUN, SMAD3, SMARCA4 and TSC2 genes, identified here as targets of PIWIL1/piRNA complexes, were found differentially expressed between consensus molecular subtype (CMS) groups in primary CRCs and metastases [64], thus suggesting the involvement of the PIWIL1–piRNA system as an regulator of the complex genetic network controlling early as well as advanced stages of CRC progression. Here, JUN is linked to colorectal carcinoma.