SMAD3 and colorectal carcinoma: Furthermore CREBBP, EP300, ERBB3, IGF1R, JUN, SMAD3, SMARCA4 and TSC2 genes, identified here as targets of PIWIL1/piRNA complexes, were found differentially expressed between consensus molecular subtype (CMS) groups in primary CRCs and metastases [64], thus suggesting the involvement of the PIWIL1–piRNA system as an regulator of the complex genetic network controlling early as well as advanced stages of CRC progression.