Most of previous studies suggested that patients with NSCLC with a high PD‐L1 expression level had survival benefits from immune therapy rather than those with low or undetectable PD‐L1 status, but in a retrospective analysis of Phase III study (CheckMate 057) in patients with NSCLC treated with NIV or DOC, a small portion of subjects with PD‐L1 negative also experienced longer survival from ICI therapy (Borghaei et al., 2015). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.