Despite the lack of an universally accepted method to estimate HF risk specifically in diabetic individuals, methods such as plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic dysfunction, and risk calculators such as the Health ABC Heart Failure Score and the Framingham Heart Failure Risk Score are often used to estimate the future risk for symptomatic HF. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and hydrops fetalis.