However, different authors have consistently maintained that EDPs induced the production and/or secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in ligamentum flavum cells, synovial cells, and melanoma cell lines; therefore, we can assume that caspase-1 should be activated by EDPs in these cells (Satta et al. 1998; Debret et al. 2006; Kobayashi et al. 2017). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is melanoma.