Furthermore, Stat3 is an activator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in glioblastoma, both through TGFβ and HIF-1α, thus enhancing tumour high motility, invasiveness and chemo resistance, which could account for the positivity of cells at the invasion front [27–30]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to glioblastoma.