PIK3CA and cancer: Alongside de-regulation of developmentally active genes, members of key signalling pathways already implicated in multiple cancer types [34, 48, 49] like, EGFR signalling, calcium and cAMP signalling pathway, ERK signalling, PI3K-Akt signalling and RET signalling pathways were also repressed (FC ≥ 10) in OS-DW cells; this might imply altered signal transduction from receptors in OS-DW (Fig. 2d).