CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Indeed mammary gland CD4 cells and macrophages are more immunologically activated than their blood counterparts making them more permissive to HIV infection and replication.[6] This association is disrupted in mothers on successful ART which suppresses CFV but has little or no effect on CAV[11,12] explaining why studies looking at mothers on ART fail to find significant association between CAV and CFV.[11]