The PD relevance of this oligomeric motif was determined by its positive response to the anti-oligomer A11 polyclonal antibody, which selectively identifies soluble oligomeric epitopes present in common amyloidogenic proteins such as αS (PD), amyloid-β (Alzheimer's disease), IAPP (type II diabetes), and prion protein (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or mad cow disease) [57]. This evidence concerns the gene IAPP and Parkinson disease.