AR and androgen insensitivity syndrome: In addition to neuromuscular symptoms, SBMA patients also present with signs of androgen insensitivity, such as gynecomastia, infertility, and testicular atrophy [3, 13–15]; however, the neurologic symptoms of SBMA are not caused by a loss of AR function, as these are not observed in patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome [16].