Abnormal activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in excessive inflammatory responses is closely related to onset of various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis [47, 48], and also induces osteoclast formation by increasing expression of NFATc1 [49]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.