Log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses confirmed that elevated Treg activity further exacerbated disease phenotypes in patients where JAK-STAT scores were already high: glioma (full cohort, HR = 6.183, P < 0.0001), astrocytoma (HR = 3.035, P = 0.00042), pan-kidney (HR = 3.133, P < 0.0001) and clear cell renal cell (HR = 2.982, P < 0.0001) (Fig. 6b and c). This evidence concerns the gene SOAT1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).