The combined model encompassing JAK-STAT and IRF8 offered an additional resolution in patient stratification: glioma (full-cohort, P < 0.0001), astrocytoma (P = 0.0007), pan-kidney (P < 0.0001) and clear cell renal cell (P < 0.0001) (Fig. 5a). Here, IRF8 is linked to glioma.