Indeed, patients with low IRF8 and high 28-gene scores performed the worst in cancers where hyperactive JAK-STAT signaling was linked to adverse survival outcomes: glioma (full-cohort: HR = 5.826, P < 0.0001), astrocytoma (HR = 3.424, P = 0.0032), pan-kidney (HR = 5.131, P < 0.0001) and clear cell renal cell (HR = 5.389, P < 0.0001) (Fig. 5b). This evidence concerns the gene IRF8 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).