A PubMed literature search found no data on the course and outcome of tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis, tick-borne encephalitis or anaplasmosis, and only six reports on individual patients with LB who were receiving TNF-α inhibitors (3 were receiving etanercept, 1 adalimumab, 1 infiximab, 1 certolizumab). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tick-borne encephalitis.