Based on the horses’ EqHV infection-state, the samples could be assigned to four categories: antibody-negative and RNA-negative (Abs–/RNA–); antibody-positive and RNA-negative (Abs+/RNA–); antibody-positive and RNA-positive (Abs+/RNA+) and antibody-negative and RNA-positive (Abs–/RNA+; Table 1). The gene discussed is DDX41; the disease is infection.