Nr4a1 co-localizes with Bcl-2 in the mitochondria in prostate cancer cells, melanoma cells and gastric cancer cells [125,126,127,128] These data confirm that Nr4a1 has extra-nuclear functions, independent of DNA binding, as part of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to induce cytochrome c release. The gene discussed is NR4A1; the disease is melanoma.