These experiments typically included control cancer cells, compared to those in which Grhl activity was modulated through short-hairpin (shRNA) knockdown, and included 4T1 breast tumor cells [46], human mammary epithelial (HMLE-Twist-ER) cells [47], MSP (mesenchymal sub-population) cells obtained from HMLE cells [48], OVCA429 (ovarian cystadenocarcinoma; intermediate epithelial (IE) phenotype) cells [49] and LNCaP (human prostate carcinoma) cells [50]. This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and cancer.