We found that VGF was significantly upregulated in DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer radioresistant cell lines in our genome-wide gene expression analysis (Fig 6a; average expression difference of 2.85 in DU145 and 1.37 in LNCaP, t-tests: P < 0.01, S7 Table). This evidence concerns the gene VGF and prostate carcinoma.