Recently, Mtb Hip1 was identified as a critical factor that impairs DC function; infection of DCs with hip1-mutant Mtb resulted in significantly higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and enhanced surface expression of MHCII, CD4, and CD86, which are required for DC maturation (Madan-Lala et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene HIP1 and infection.