In addition, studies employing a mouse model of melanoma revealed that NRAS Q61R binds PI3K with lower affinity than WT NRAS or NRAS G12D while NRAS G12D and Q61R activate AKT at variable levels (Figure 1B, Table 3) (24), indicating that the activation of the PI3K pathway in melanoma is codon-independent. The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is melanoma.