It works through targeting GRP78, a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, in prostate cancer cells to induce apoptosis and increase sensitivity to trichostatin A, the histone deacetylase inhibitor (36); through GSK-3β in renal cell cancer cells to decreases cell proliferation (37); through a receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1, to suppress invasiveness and migratory ability of colorectal cancer cells (38); through the mTOR and CD44 to increase sensitivity to cisplatin treatment and to reduce the number of ovarian cancer stem cells (39, 40). This evidence concerns the gene DDR1 and colorectal cancer.