The findings summarized herein not only integrate well into the “Trojan horse” model that states that a cell infected with HIV/SIV enters the brain leading to a persistent infection and consequently HAND (139) but also add to this model the fact that the transfer of Nef by microvesicles into endothelial cells and the subsequent induction of CCL2, mimics a pathophysiological state of the brain to which monocytes are recruited normally. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is infection.