Indeed, dysfunctional NLRX1 has been associated with several autoimmune diseases including lupus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease (Table 1) and is expressed in a multitude of cell and tissue types associated with these maladies (2, 7, 11, 19, 21, 22, 62). This evidence concerns the gene NLRX1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.