Actually, the central roles of metformin have been reported, which includes the promotion of neurogenesis through the atypical protein kinase C-CREB-binding protein (PKC-CBP) pathway (15), learning and memory improvement in association with glucagon-like peptide-1 (42) and AMPK dependent autophagic pathway in an ischemia model (34). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and ischemia.