TNF-α, IL-6, and COX2, all of which are involved in the AKI inflammatory response (Lemay et al., 2000; Grigoryev et al., 2008; Feitoza et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2016), are downstream regulators of NF-κB (Baskaran et al., 2016). Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.