Ex vivoEVs directly triggered caspase activation and apoptosis in tumour cells:EVs cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma (maximal at 48 h):EVs from immature DCs (iEVs) – 10-30% of specific lysis.EVs from mature DCs (mEVs) – 20-60% of specific lysis.mEVs cytotoxicity against KLN205 lung squamous carcinoma – 3-35% of specific lysis.mEVs cytotoxicity against MC38 colon adenocarcinoma – 10-22% of specific lysis.EVs activated NK cells and stimulated them to secrete IFN-γ upon the interaction of transmembrane TNF on EVs with TNF receptors on the surface of NK cells. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is melanoma.