TRPV1 and epilepsy: However, neurobehavioral studies have recently demonstrated that TRPV1 is broadly expressed in the brain (Hurtado-Zavala et al., 2017; Kong et al., 2017; Marrone et al., 2017) and critically implicated in neurological and mental disorders, such as epilepsy/seizure (Sun et al., 2013; Cho et al., 2018), anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases (Edwards, 2014).