T1D patients rely on life-long medication and treatment, such as exogeneous insulin replacement or, in more severe cases, immunosuppression after pancreatic β-cell transplantation.4,5,6 Attempts toward the long-term treatment of T1D by β-cell transplantation frequently fails due to an impaired graft survival as a result of lost extracellular matrix (ECM)7,8 or lack of vascularization accompanied by hypoxia after islet isolation.4,9,10. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.