It has been reported that the metastatic cancer cells transfer cGAMP to the astrocyte through carcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions, in which cGAMP activates STING pathway and induces production of inflammatory cytokines, these factors activate STAT1 and NF-κB pathway in cancer cells and thereby facilitate the survival and growth of metastatic cancer cells [127]. Here, STAT1 is linked to cancer.