IRF3 and neoplasm: Recent studies have suggested that STING signaling is necessary for the anticancer immune response based on the following observations: on the one hand, STING knockout mice and IRF3 knockout mice show impaired spontaneous T-cell responses against tumors [34, 35]; on the other hand, STING agonists show a favorable effect in promoting the infiltration of T cells into the tumor microenvironment [36, 37].