From this model, we derive a bacterial asthma score for each child based on abundances of these specific taxa, which is associated with a specific topical immune profile characterized by reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL17. Here, TNF is linked to asthma.