TGFB1 and ovarian cancer: TGF-β can cause growth inhibition in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, induce the nuclear translocation of SMAD4, and upregulate ADMA19. In ovarian cancer cells, the induction and nuclear translocation of SMAD4 were negligible and refractory to TGF-β1 stimulation, the promoter region of ADAM19 was hypermethylated, and ADAM19 expression was greatly reduced.