Because the DAF-7/TGF-β and NPR-1/GPCR pathways are induced by intestinal bloating (Singh and Aballay, 2019a) and act synergistically to elicit pathogen avoidance (Figure 5G, Figure 5—figure supplement 1C), it is likely that animals integrate multiple inputs, including intestinal infection and chemosensation, to induce defense responses. Here, TGFB1 is linked to digestive system infectious disorder.